Family History (2) Canterbury Pioneers

In 1851, William Graham re-married and then sailed to New Zealand on the ship “Sir George Pollock” with his new wife Mary Anne and his seven surviving children, including five-year-old Hannah Graham. The voyage took about 4 months and they arrived in Lyttleton in Nov 1851.

Picture: Canterbury Association Ships in London. “The world begins to feel very small when one finds one can get half round it in three months” - Samuel Butler, January 27 1860, on arrival at Lyttleton.

Hannah’s family were among the first European settlers of the New Zealand province of Canterbury. (Canterbury is a province of 42,200 km2 in the middle of the South Island, centered around Christchurch). Native Maoritribes had lived in this area for 700 years, and caught eel in the swamps around where Christchurch is now. But the first Europeans didn’t land until 1815, and they didn’t settle there until the 1830s when a few whaling stations and farms were established.

Drawing: Maori on shore watching a canoe beach, Kits of food beside the group. 1852-1860. By William Fox.

Around that time, the Maori tribe living in Canterbury (Ngai Tahu) was almost wiped out by Te Rauparaha’s Ngati Toa tribe,who raided from the North. Te Rauparaha was the first chief to trade with the Europeans to buy muskets, so he was able to kill a lot of his enemies. He is also famous for writing the ‘haka’ (fighting challange) that is used by the All Blacks. The part that sounds like ‘ganbatte, ganbatte’ means ‘will I die?, will I die?’. In the years 1829-32 he attacked the Ngai Tahu villages in Canterbury and killed most of the people living there.

Drawing: Te Rauparaha's fleet attacking Kaiapoi village near Christchurch, 1829. By William Menzies Gibb. Only 200 of the 1,000 inhabitants escaped.

In 1840 the Maori tribes on New Zealand signed the ‘Treaty of Waitangi ‘, and agreed to be governed by the British in return for guarantee of rights. At that time the population of New Zealand was about 100,000 Maori and only 2,000 ‘pakeha’ (‘pakeha’ is the Maori for ‘gaijin’). But the treaty allowed Europeans to buy land and live in New Zealand, so by 1850 there were about 22,000 ‘pakeha’ living in New Zealand. But in Canterbury there were only 500 Maori surviving, and about 300 Europeans with 700 cows and 4000 sheep!

Drawing: Rakutawine of Te Hakataramea Waitaki, 1848. By Francis Edward Nairn.

In 1848 the ‘Canterbury Association’ was formed in England to organize the settlement of Canterbury. The company bought land from the Ngai Tahu, including one block of 80,000 km2 (about the size of Hokkaido) - for only 2,000 pounds! (around 8,000 Japanese ryo). The company then planned the city of Christchurch, recruited skilled settlers in England, and organized a fleet of ships to bring them to New Zealand.

Lithograph: Landing of passengers at Port Lyttleton, 1850. By William Fox.

The “first 4 ships” with the first 792 ‘Canterbury Pilgrims’ arrived in Lyttleton 17 December 1850. Hannah Graham’s family arrived 11 months later on the ship “Sir George Pollock”. This was the 17th of a total of 28 Canterbury Association ships that brought 3,600 settlers to Canterbury between 1850-1853.

Photo: Christchurch in 1850

This voyage must have been quite a dramatic experience for the Graham family. To leave London, which had a population 2.6million in 1851, to sail for 4 months in a 630 ton sailing ship, and then arrive in an empty landscape on the other side of the world!

Drawing: Lyttleton in 1852

William Graham and Mary-Anne settled at Brenchley Farm near Lyttleton and had a further 8 children, bringing William’s total to 18 children! Brenchley Farm was probably just off the left edge of these 2, up the hill behind the village.

Painting: Lyttleton in 1852

Hannah grew up in Lyttleton and would have watched the town grow up around her. Before she married, she worked as a governess to the children of William Reeves (MP). One of these children, William Peber Reeves, became a famous writer, government minister, and statesman.

Photo: Christchurch in 1854.

The main industry in Canterbury was faming sheep for wool for export. The farming industry developed rapidly and by 1867 there were 2,500,000 sheep being farmed in Canterbury. In 1867 Hannah was working at the farm ‘Buccleuch’ (about 100km from Christchurch). There she met William Taylor Smith who was working as a bullock driver, and they married at Lyttleton in 1869.

Photo: Mt Somers from near Stavely and ‘Buccleuch’ c.2005

Painting: Canterbury Plains, 1855

Family History (1) The Graham Family of London

On my father’s side of the family, we know our family-tree going back 8 generations from Hanna. In 5 of those generations there was someone called Hannah in the immediate family!
私の父方の家族の歴史は　羽菜から八代前までさかのぼることができます。　直系の家族の中だけでも５人の「はな」と呼ばれる先祖がいました。

5 generations before Hannah, my father’s family are descended from Hannah Graham (1845-1926), and William Taylor Smith. They married at Lyttleton, New Zealand in 1869.
羽菜の５代前、私の父方の家族のルーツはハンナ・グラハム（１８４５－１９２６）とウィリアム・テイラー・スミスに　あります。　二人は１８６９年にニュージーランドのリトルトンで結婚しました。



Photo: William Taylor Smith and Hannah Graham.　　ウィリアム・テイラー・スミス　と　ハンナ・グラハム


Hannah and William are especially important in our family because they emigrated from England and Scotland and established our family in New Zealand.
ハンナとウィリアムの二人はイギリスとスコットランドから移住して、　ニュージーランドに家庭を築いたという点で私の家族にとって重要な人物です。

Hannah Graham was born in London, England in 1845. Her parents were William Graham (1809-1898) and Hannah Austin (1808-1849).
ハンナ・グラハムはイギリスのロンドンで生まれました。　両親はウィリアム・グラハム（1809-1898）と　ハンナ・オースティン(1808-1849)です。



Photo: William Graham ウィリアム・グラハム（1809-1898）

William Graham’s profession was ivory turning. A turner is someone who makes things using a lathe. So he probably made ivory objects like thimbles, cups, chess pieces etc. Ivory was an expensive material so these would probably have been luxury items.
ウィリアム・グラハムの生業は象牙のろくろ師でした。　ろくろ師（旋削師）はろくろでものを作る職人です。　おそらく象牙で指貫やカップや将棋のこまを作っていたと思われます。　象牙は高価な材料だったので、これらは贅沢品だったことでしょう。


Photo: Turned ivory bottle.　そくろく作った象牙のボトル。

William Graham’s family lived in London for 3 generations in the parish of St Luke’s, Old Street. Possibly in a house on Old Street itself.　　
ウィリアム・グラハムの家族は、かれの祖父の代からロンドンの聖ルーク・オールドストリートの教区に住んでいました。（教区は教会の区域です）。　たぶん彼の家はオールドストリートにありました。


Painting: St Lukes Church Old Street c 1810 by George Shepherd. View from the North　East. Old Street runs behind the houses on the left. 聖ルークの教会・オールドストリート １８１０ごろ．　北西から景色

The parish of St Lukes was outside the old London city walls north of ‘Moorgate’. It was originally an area of fields but between 1650 and 1850 the fields were gradually built over as London expanded. Several hospitals were built there so it became a fashionable area for doctors. Then from the beginning of the 19th century the area became more commercial and industrial, especially with the building of the City Road basin of the Regents Canal in 1820. So the doctors moved west to Harley Street. The area was badly bombed during the blitz and almost all the original buildings have been replaced by offices and apartment blocks.
聖ルーク教区の近所は　ロンドン市の障壁の外で、　モーゲイトから北　の　所です。　もともと　牧草地でした.　（「モーゲイト」は　平原にある門のことばで、昔の障壁の門でした。）　１６５０年から１８５０年までの間に、ロンドンが大きくなり、たくさんのビルが建ちました｡ いくつかの病院も建ち、そこは医者にとってみりょく的な場所になりました。 しかし１９世紀に入ると、商工業がさかんになりました。　たとえば1820年に　レイジィントの運河と運河の「シテイロード」船着場　がたちました。そのため医者は西のハーレーストリートへ移りました。


Painting: St Lukes Church Old Street c 1810. View from the north east　聖ルーク教会・オールドストリート １８１０年ごろ．　北東からの景色。

The church of St Lukes Old Street was built in 1732.　　William Graham’s parents were married there in 1791. His grandparents were also married at St Lukes, probably around 1765, and were buried there.
オールドストリートの聖ルーク教会は１７３２年に建てられました。　そこで　ウィリアム・グラハムの両親は１７９１年に結婚しました。　祖父母も１７６５年ごろ聖ルーク教会で結婚して、　その教会に埋葬されました。

Painting: Sherpherdess Walk, Hoxton 1845. Looking south towards the City Road and St Luke’s. ホクストン　１８４５年　北から望む、聖ルーク教会の景色。

William Graham’s grandparents, James Graham (1740-1829) and Anne Filmer (1739-1805), may have originally come to London from villages in Kent. But we don’t have much information about their ancestors.

ウィリアム・グラハムの祖父母は　ジェームス・グラハム(1740-1829)　と　アン・フィルマー(1739-1805) です。おそらくケントのある村からロンドンに移って来ましたが、彼らの先祖の情報が余り残っていないので詳しくはよくわかりません。

Our family have a story that James Graham had a famous uncle, although we can’t verify if this is true not. ‘Honest’ George Graham (1673-1751) was a clockmaker and member of the Royal Society. He invented several important designs for making clocks more accurate (the deadbeat escarpment and the temperature-regulated pendulum) and so made the most accurate clocks in the world at that time. He is buried in Westminster Abbey. He is called ‘Honest’ George Graham to distinguish him from the Arsenal football club manager of the same name.

本当かどうかはわかりませんが、ジェームス・グラハム　には有名な伯父がいたと言われています。 それは　「堅実な」ジョージ・グラハムという 時計職人　で　ロイヤルソサエテイーの会員でした。 彼は時計を作る上でのいくつかの大事なメカニズムを発明し、その当時で一番正確な時計を作り出しました。彼はウエストミンスター寺院に埋葬されています。

Painting: ‘Honest’ George Graham (1673-1751)　 「堅実な」ジョージ・グラハム

Hannah Grahams mother was Hannah Austin (1808-1848). She was also born in London. Her maternal grandparents were Thomas Austin (1783-1831) from London and Hannah Oakley.

ハンナ・グラハムの母はハンナ・オースティン(1808-1849)です。　ロンドンで生まれました。　祖父母は　ロンドンの　トーマス・オースティン(1783-1831)と　ハンナ・オークレイです。

Photo: Hannah Austin (1808-1849) in 1830. ハンナ・アウストン　

William Graham and Hannah Austin married in 1830 at the Church of St Botolph’s. This church is just inside the old roman walls of London and was first built around 1000, although it was rebuilt in 1791.

ウィリアム・グラハムとハンナ・オースティンは　１８３０年に　聖ボトルフ教会で結婚しました。　この教会　は　ロンドンの障壁の中で約１０００年に建てられて、１７９１年に　建て直されました。

Picture: North-east view of St Boltoph, Aldersgate 1814, by John Coney. 聖ボトルフ教会 1814年。

Hannah Austin had 10 children with William Graham before she died in 1849 aged 40. Hannah Graham was the 9th child and was born 2-Aug-1845 in Camberwell, South London.

ハンナ・オースティンは１８４９年に４０歳で亡くなるまでに１０人の子供を生みました。　　ハンナ・グラハムは　9人目の子供で、1845年８月２日に　南ロンドンのキャンバウェル　で生まれました。

Picture: View of City Road Basin on Regent's Canal, Finsbury with barges on the canal. c1830. You can see the spire of St Lukes in the background. The Camberwell Basin near Hannah’s house in Camberwell would have looked similar.　　リージェント運河、「シテイロード」の船着場. 後ろの教会が聖ルークです。 「キャンバウェル」の船着場もおそらく同じような光景でしょう。

In the 1851 census Hannah’s family was recorded as living in South London at 5 Canal Place, Camberwell in South London. Canal Place was next to the Grand Surrey Canal, and near the Camberwell Basin, which would have been a commercial area of warehouses and workshops.

1851年の国勢調査の記録には　ハナの家族の住所は　南ロンドンのカナル・プレース、５番地　キャンバウェル とあります。 カナル・プレースは　グランド・サリー運河　に面し、キャンバウェルの船着場の近くでした。キャンバウェルの船着場は　倉庫と町工場が建ち並ぶの商業地帯　でした。

Painting: Surrey Canal, Camberwell, 1935 By Algernon Newton サリー運河､キャンバウェル, 1935年

The Surrey Canal and Canal Place no longer exist. In the 1970s the Surrey Canal was filled-in and the area was redeveloped into a new park called Burgess Park.

残念ながらサリー運河 と　カナル・プレース という住所は現在では存在しません。 １９７０年ごろ　サリー運河は埋め立てられ、新しく　「バゲス・パーク」　と呼ばれる公園になりました。

Photo: Burgess Park , 2005. Remains of Surrey Canal.　バゲス・パーク 2005年　サリー運河の名残　

In 1851, William Graham re-married Mary Anne. Soon after he sailed to New Zealand on the ship “Sir George Pollock” with his new wife and his seven surviving children, including Hanna Graham (aged 5).

1851年　ウィリアム・グラハムは　再婚しました。　新しい妻と　５歳のハンナ・グラハムを含む７人の残された子供達と共に　「サー・ジョージ・ポロック」号で　ニュージーランドへ　出航しました。（＊１０人の子供のうち３人は幼い時に死亡）　

Picture: Canterbury Association Ships in London.　ロンドンの港に漂泊中のカンタベリー社の船　

To be continued....

“The world begins to feel very small when one finds one can get half round it in three months” - Samuel Butler, 1860, on arrival in Lyttleton.

「３ヶ月で地球を半周できるようになって世界はとても小さくなったような感じがし始めた」サミュエル・バトラー　（１８６０年にニュージーランドのリトルトンに到着）

August

Well August has certainly flown by. Here in Japan, it is now officially the start of Autumn.

As if on schedule, the weather suddenly cooled by about 5 degrees this week. It has gone from being ‘hot’ (30+C) to ‘mild’ (25+C). So we can now open the windows and turn off the air conditioning.

Hannah is well. Sometime during the month, when I wasn’t watching, she grew by 6cm, so she is now 60cm long and a bit big for her cot.

She is generally sleeping and feeding well. And when she is awake she is often alert and attentive.

Although just as often she seems to have discomfort in her tummy, especially lying down. She often seems to have wind and if this travels too far down it seems to cause cramp for hours and eventually nappies that look like an explosion at a mustard factory.

In these cases she often cries and need to be held when she is awake. Sometimes holding her is enough to soothe her. Other times she is inconsolable, and even the most experienced hands are unable to much more than keep her nappies dry and hang on to her unll she cries herself to sleep.

In these cases, I handle the 8pm-3am shift, and Rika takes over in the early morning.

To be honest this was all getting a bit much for the two of us, and we were very grateful to be rescued by Rika’s mum, Atsuko, who stayed with us all through last week.

Hanna now seems to recognise us and be able to see and respond to ‘conversation’, especially with her grandmother.

I was getting a bit smug about my ability to burp and sooth Hannah when she was upset by holding her and walking around the room with a bouncy walk and silly noises. Soon after that, it stopped being infallible.
This week’s discovery is that Hannah now likes sleeping on my tummy almost as much as being carried (except when she has wind).

And it doesn’t give your arms cramp.

According to the Sears' Baby Book, Hannah should be contented if I just put her in the sling and carry her around. But this only works for Rika. So far, she seldom stays comfortable for long in my sling.

The white thing around my head is a halo. In Japan, all fathers get these if they help out for more than 30minutes. As they say here - “if God had intended men to change nappies he would never have given us ties”.

Now that it is cooler the cats have resumed sleeping together.

They are getting used to Japanese food. I have found a type of 'cat bento' that they really love.

Hanna at 1 month

Hannah is now one month old.


Last week we took her to the Hospital last week for her 4 week check-up. It took about 5 hours but she was quite well behaved. Everything is OK. .

She has picked up a small eye infection (at the hospital?), so we have to apply eye-drops

While we were at the hospital we had to correct Hanna's english-language birth-certificate to match how we had registered her at the local ward office. So we added the middle name, and they also let us add the silent 'h'. So 'Hanna' (or was it 'Hana'?) is now 'Hannah'.

As I mentioned before 'Hannah' is the same written forwards or backwards. Like the famous palendrome "A man, a plan, a canal, Panama!". Here is another that I sometimes recall when I'm changing nappies: "A man, a plan, a Hannah, anal Panama!". (Well, we think its funny)

Hannah's hair is quite long now. I like the 'tin-tin' hairstyle. I think this is called called a 'fin' in London. I never realised this is the 'default'.

We got some 'baby books' in the last shipment from Amazon. Hanna gets really absorbed looking at the mirrors and high-contrast pictures. So she is now much happier being left in her crib. Just like the advertising promised (I don't know why I doubted it!)

Rikas has had a hard time feeding Hanna at all hours. But it is all working well. Hannah is now about 4.2 kg and now gaining weight at a good rate.

We really like this stripy suit that Hana was given. Rika calls them her 'prison overalls'

Hanna's cousin Chiaki came to visit last week.

We also got a another baby carrier. Its a 'baby bjorn' from Sweden.

Compared with a sling the 'Baby Bjorn' keeps Hanna more upright, and this seems more comfortable when she has gas. Also its more 'hands free' so you can eat breakfast and/or move about while you are holding her.

Minimi is showing some signs of 'baby envy'.

Kyoko visited on Sunday and took this portrait of Sasuke. I think it is one of the best we have.

And Rika took this one, in one of Sasuke's 'Dr Evil' moods.

Sasuke's therapy isn't going very well. Im making an effort to give him lots more affection. He has resumed his old habit coming to visit me when I go to bed in order to get a backrub. But he is still doing 1-2 pees on the living-room floor every night, which I have to clean up before I go to work. Recently he peed right in the doorway of our bedroom then walked through it leaving footprints down the hall. On Tuesday morning, after Id cleaned up, he did a pee in the main doorway, just 2 minutes before my japanese teacher arrived. At these times it does seem like deliberate, 'attention seeking' behaviour. Hopefully he will grow out of it.